ABSTRACT
Introducción: Existe limitado conocimiento sobre las características y evidencia disponible de intervenciones de terapia ocupacional en el manejo y reducción de la obesidad y sobrepeso, traduciéndose en una limitada consideración en políticas y programas de salud. Objetivo: Caracterizar las intervenciones de terapia ocupacional en sobrepeso y/u obesidad. Métodos: Revisión Sistemática Exploratoria (Scoping Review) en las bases de datos EBSCOhost, Embase, PubMed, PsychInfo, Scielo y Scopus, de estudios publicados a junio 2020. Se usó estructura PRISMA ScR, incorporando artículos que cumplieran los criterios: a) Evaluasen una intervención de terapia ocupacional en sobrepeso y/u obesidad, b) Informasen resultados cuantitativos, y c) Publicados en revista con evaluación de pares. Resultados: Cinco estudios fueron incluidos en la revisión. Cuatro utilizaron un diseño cuasi experimental (pretest-postest, sin grupo de comparación), y un estudio utilizó un diseño mixto con estudio pretest-postest adicionando estudio cualitativo. Las intervenciones son heterogéneas y sus resultados atribuibles no fueron significativos en el desenlace reducción de peso corporal. Se relevan resultados favorables en otras dimensiones, como la resignificación del uso de tiempo libre y el aprendizaje de hábitos saludables. Discusión: Las intervenciones de terapia ocupacional refieren protocolos de intervención heterogéneos, asociados a programas de manejo de sobrepeso y obesidad. Los estudios disponibles proporcionan evidencia limitada su efectividad, y sus potenciales desenlaces son más consistentes con dimensiones psicosociales por sobre dimensiones morfológicas como el peso corporal. Se requiere con urgencia investigación experimental que permita establecer la acción de terapia ocupacional en estos problemas de relevancia para la salud pública.
Introduction: The knowledge about the characteristics and available evidence of occupational therapy interventions in the management of obesity and overweight is scarce, with also limited scalability of occupational therapy in health policies and programs. Objective: To characterize occupational therapy interventions for the management of overweight and/or obesity. Method: Scoping Review. EBSCOhost, Embase, PubMed, PsychInfo, Scielo and Scopus databases were included, with studies published from inception to June 2020. PRISMA ScR guidelines were used. Criteria for article selection included interventions that: a) Evaluated an occupational therapy intervention in overweight and/or obesity, b) Reported quantitative results, and c) Were published in a peer-reviewed journal, d) Full text available in English, Spanish, and Portuguese. Results: 5 studies were included in the review. Four studies corresponded to quasi-experimental design (pretest-posttest, no comparison group), and one study used a mixed-method design with a pretest-postest study adding a qualitative component. Interventions found were heterogeneous and changes were not significant for the outcome weight reduction. Significant results were found in other dimensions, such as resignification of the use of leisure time and the incorporation of healthy habits. Discussion: Occupational therapy interventions include heterogeneous protocols embedded in larger overweight and obesity management programs. Available studies provide limited evidence of their effectiveness, and their potential outcomes are more consistent with psychosocial dimensions than morphological ones, such as body weight. Experimental research is remarkably needed to establish the action of occupational therapy in these problems of public health relevance.
Subject(s)
Humans , Occupational Therapy , Overweight/rehabilitation , Obesity/rehabilitation , Treatment OutcomeABSTRACT
O objetivo do presente estudo é descrever o histórico, funcionamento e modelo lógico de um programa de exercício físico para adolescentes em Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brasil. O programa encontra-se no seu segundo semestre de execução. Aproximadamente, 60 adolescentes mostraram-se interessados na atividade. A primeira turma foi formada por 36 adolescentes, sendo que o programa tem como meta final a redução da gordura corporal, equilíbrio do perfil lipídico (colesterol total, triglicerídeos, HDL-Colesterol, LDL-Colesterol), níveis glicêmicos e pressóricos por meio do aumento da atividade física. A atividade física principal é realizada em cilcoergômetro, no Centro de Desportos da UFSC. Os recursos financeiros do programa são provenientes do CNPq e dos próprios gestores, além dos recursos humanos envolvidos, como professores e acadêmicos de Educação Física, bioquímicos e psicólogos que desenvolvem avaliações e atividades para o alcance dos objetivos. Acredita-se que o programa pode auxiliar a tornar os adolescentes mais saudáveis.
The objective of this study was to describe the history, functioning and logical model of a physical exercise program for overweight adolescents from Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil. The program is in the second semester of execution. Approximately 60 adolescents were interested in the program. The first group consisted of 36 adolescents and the final objective of the program was to reduce body fat, to improve the lipid profile (total cholesterol, triglycerides, HDL-cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol) and to reduce glucose and blood pressure levels by increasing physical activity. The main physical activity consists of cycling on a cycle ergometer at the Sports Center of UFSC. The financial resources for the program are provided by CNPq and the program managers themselves, in addition to human resources such as physical education teachers and students, biochemists and psychologists who elaborate assessments and activities to achieve the objectives. The program is believed to help adolescents become healthier.